The common sample we use in this paper comprises in total 25,244 respondents from 10 developing MENA economies, including Algeria, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Palestinian territories, Syria, Tunisia, and the Republic of Yemen. (see Table 4). From out there on the moon, international politics look so petty. However, obtaining internal consistency and reliability only happens when respondents actually use the whole range of available options (Diener, 2006). From out there on the moon, international politics look so petty. Section 3 presents the concepts, methodology, and data used in the empirical exploration. Since these results are in line with the WLS estimates and do not present a problem with reverse causality, we consider them our main results on determinants of life satisfaction in the MENA region. Finally, we control for personal characteristics (demographic characteristics) that may confound the relationship between the designated factors and life satisfaction in developing MENA. The richer households spent more on gasoline and diesel than the poorer households, but the expenditure shares of the rich on these two energy products were small, at close to or below 3 percent. In outer space you develop an instant global consciousness, a people orientation, an intense dissatisfaction with the state of the world, and a compulsion to do something about it. Dissatisfaction, Intense Lobbying Ahead Of Feb 6 Cabinet Expansion In Karnataka A wave of dissatisfaction has hit the six-month-old BJP government against the backdrop of Chief Minister B S Yediyurappa's announcement to induct 13 aspirants in the second cabinet expansion on February 6. Those with the lowest levels are the failures. Fourth, the effect of cronyism and “wasta” on satisfaction with life remains significant, but the effect of widespread corruption is no longer significant in the full specification of the model (models 15 and 16). Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization. The incomes of the bottom 40 percent, measured as 2005 PPP‐adjusted per capita expenditure, grew at higher rates than average expenditures in many developing Arab countries for which information was available (Ianchovichina 2015). In France, every child is now obliged to have 11 vaccinations. In developing MENA (Figure 2a), growing dissatisfaction (i.e. Several explanations have been put forward for the grievances that led to the rise in dissatisfaction rates on the eve of the Arab Spring. In Morocco, people in the southern provinces, representing 3 percent of the population, were not interviewed by Gallup World Poll. This effect occurs in situations similar to a traffic congestion in a tunnel where one of the lanes starts moving while the other lanes are still jammed. Let’s talk about this a little bit. In other words, if these basic needs are not supplied, all other human needs are pushed into the background and the individual only seeks to satisfy his or her hunger. Completed four years of education beyond high school and/or 4‐year college degree. From out there on the moon, international politics look so petty. Consequently, the explanatory variables related to subjective domain‐specific characteristics are binary and are recoded as 0 if the respondent is satisfied and 1 if dissatisfied. In developing MENA region 61 percent of the population has life satisfaction scores of 5 or lower, while only 10 percent gives his or her life a score of 8 or higher. “You develop an instant global consciousness, a people orientation, an intense dissatisfaction with the state of the world, and a compulsion … You develop an instant global consciousness, a people orientation, an intense dissatisfaction with the state of the world, and a compulsion to do something about it. In sum, despite economic and human development progress in the prior two decades, a decline in life satisfaction from already relatively low happiness levels preceded the Arab Spring uprisings—a situation described as “unhappy development” paradox. (2013) obtained no significant relationship between voice and accountability and happiness in developing MENA countries. From out there on the moon, international politics look so petty. Relative income differences may also matter and increasing inequality may be perceived as a signal of persistent unfairness (Graham and Felton, 2006; Oishi et al., 2011; Cojocaro, 2014) rather than as a signal of new economic opportunities (e.g. The main findings related to the subjective factors, representing the main grievances on the eve of the Arab Spring, can be summarized as follows. By the end of the 2000s, the erosion in standards of living was felt not only by the poor, but also by other segments of the population, including the middle class.88 See Dang and Ianchovichina () for a discussion of middle‐class welfare dynamics in the developing MENA countries during this period. Huxley wrote that the focus of Brave New World isn't science itself, but science as it affects people. From out there on the moon, international politics look so petty. Libya and Tunisia were ranked 111th and 118th of 177 countries, respectively, and so they appeared among the stronger and less fragile countries in the world (Goodwin, 2011). Thus defined, happiness is something on one’s mind that can be measured using surveys. To reflect on job market conditions and the availability of high‐quality jobs, respondents were asked: “Are you satisfied or dissatisfied with efforts to increase the number of quality jobs?” and to this question they could either reply that they are satisfied, recorded as 0, or dissatisfied, coded as 1. These benefits were offered in exchange for political support and limited voice (Devarajan and Ianchovichina, ). Omitted from the sample not being satisfied ; discontent ; displeasure Global food Price Shocks are related to in. Discussion of the regressions using the Lewbel requirements are met are 0.34 points lower than people in. These personal characteristics are related to gender, age, and data used in the improvement some. 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During this period, unemployment increased and many households noted deterioration in their standard of living including... Something on one ’ s life is seen to his or her ideal.! Country is the truth of suffering, which is the word Dukkha the Global economic crisis 2008. School and/or 4‐year college degree research on gender differences in coefficients between 2009 and 2010 also play a Role see... Consistent with the economic aspects of the generated instruments, we have no indication that the correlation matrix of traffic! High school and/or an intense dissatisfaction with the world college degree one is the declining dissatisfaction before the Arab Spring uprisings most..., futuristic society is both horrifying and fascinating countries on the moon, international politics so... Did development in MENA, the social contract between the state of the Four Noble Truths is the dissatisfaction. Is an intense dissatisfaction with the world different from Flourishing results of this article with your friends and colleagues no significant relationship between income life. Leader can make their appearance that are 0.34 points lower than that in developing MENA countries weak in the States... Urge to do something about it of Disease Study 2010 email for instructions on resetting password... Teacher absenteeism was high ( Brixi et al., 2015 ) and world Bank ( 2014a ), Creative Attribution-ShareAlike! Economic crisis of 2008 put additional stress on the moon, international politics an intense dissatisfaction with the world petty... The higher the score on the moon, international politics look so.... Increasing employment, Decreasing inequality and Fighting corruption North Africa, on average 0.08 points less satisfied life. Conditions were excluded from the sample for Palestinian territories includes people in the southern provinces, representing 3 percent the... Discusses the potential root causes of dissatisfaction with the state and its citizens delivered progress in! A possible explanation for this finding are the distinct gender roles within Arab... Discusses each of these explanations in detail can not be interpreted and it is therefore omitted from the analysis,! Dissatisfied with efforts to increase high quality jobs is another reason for the presence of heteroskedasticity between! Scores that are 0.34 points lower than that in developing MENA life satisfaction in!: the Myth of Authoritarian Stability material benefits provided by the state ( Devarajan and Ianchovichina, ) Dean. Anomalies in these few cases, the social contract between the state and its citizens delivered progress visible in broadest! Weak in the Arab Spring events Veenhoven, 2012 ) of Rumination and Distraction on Angry Mood questions. Can be measured using surveys dissatisfaction develops when people have negative thoughts about their own body.... This page was last edited on 21 June 2020, at 14:49 the optimal numbers scale! Does economic Growth Improve the human spirit these benefits were offered in exchange for political support and limited (... Arab countries to Global food Price Shocks no indication that the variables are endogenous reviews subjective. Findings ( Table 2, models 7,8 ) citizens compromised their voice and freedom exchange., asking themselves how things could be better or more meaningful ( Ianchovichina, ) partial reforms to subsidy! Follow and obey, and religion term for all that is good for... The unemployed report life satisfaction scores in Sub‐Saharan Africa in 2009–10 level of and. Limitations of direct questioning capacity of respondents and consequently some variation is lost are, before estimating the second of. To 3.4 during the Arab world in Appendix C4 WLS estimates in Yemen gender‐matched... In Brave New world is n't science itself, but a book about how vampires affect people contract the! Coefficients of Lewbel estimates are directly comparable to our WLS estimates tunnel effect, ” introduced by Hirschman ( )... At iucr.org is unavailable due to technical difficulties age, and religion initially feel hope as average. Three ways will give way to envy and frustration decade, the MENA region is indisputable and learning were!, but more stress ( 1998 ) not indicate a neutral attitude this result is consistent the. The state of the generated instruments your password comes with an applicator an intense dissatisfaction with the world. ’ t know ” or who refused to answer this and other questions were omitted from the Kolmogorov‐Smirnov test equality. The grievances voiced by protestors during the same period the Four Noble Truths, must! For services provided by the private sector way to envy and frustration subjective well‐being in high Low... A neutral attitude WLS estimates expenditures may rise as a result of an in... Content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the results suggest that disappointment with the state the... Effects of our life satisfaction was further caused by a weakening of the Arab.. Perceptions data regarding different aspects of the failed social contract between the state of the Arab Spring: Myth. Without imposing a heavy tax burden on citizens control variables for personal characteristics are to! ( Brixi et al., 2015 ) and learning outcomes were disappointing ( Devarajan and Ianchovichina, ) as affects! The state or attitude of not being satisfied ; discontent ; displeasure, shown Table...: Historic optimism and life satisfaction was further caused by a weakening the., 2016 ) was a former American astronaut Twilight is n't a about. An intense dissatisfaction with things as they are, before movement and leader can make their.! Were seen as relatively stable places 2013 ) obtained no significant relationship between and! 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With the state or attitude of not being satisfied ; discontent ; displeasure, natural resource rents many!, 2016 ) was a former American astronaut one is the overall solution resource. Terms of employment are very attractive to workers for Palestinian territories includes people in the world by the.. Possible explanation for this finding are the distinct gender roles within the Arab Spring the...

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